Materials and Processes:

How its made -

Incandescent light bulb

PRODUCT: an electric light which produces light with a wire filament heated to a high temperature by an electric current passing through it, until it glows. More than common, its seen in just about every residence and commercial building in developed nations.

Function: To provide light for the user. This is usually used in darker spaces where the level of visibility is not ideal. 

Personality: Industrial look. The light bulb has a utilitarian look to it. The bare bulb is usually concealed by a shade or panel that is more personable. 

Who makes it?  PHILIPS Lighting Company. Made in Holland

Markets: Worldwide market, for developed countries.

Materials: Glass, Ceramic, tungsten, phosphor, 

Process: the filament, is prepared by mixing tungsten and binder and then drawing the mixture into a fine wire around a steel mandrel. After heating the wire and then dissolving the mandrel with acid, the filament assumes its proper coiled shape. The The glass bulbs or casings are produced using a ribbon machine, which takes thin tubes of glass and blows them up to form a a bulb. A ribbon machine moving at top speed can produce more than 50,000 bulbs per hour. After the casings are blown, they are cooled and then cut off of the ribbon machine. Next, the inside of the bulb is coated with silica to remove the glare caused by a glowing, uncovered filament. The finishing Process is that a vacuum is created in the bulb and an argon mix put in.

Light bulbs are tested for both lamp life and strength. In order to provide quick results, selected bulbs are screwed into life test racks and lit at levels far exceeding their normal burning strength. This provides an accurate reading on how long the bulb will last under normal conditions. Testing is performed at all manufacturing plants as well as at some independent testing facilities. The average life of the majority of household light bulbs is 750 to 1000 hours, depending on wattage.